USA  – Electronic Travel Authorisation

International travellers who are seeking to travel to the United States of America under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) are now subject to enhanced security requirements and will be required to pay an administrative fee. All eligible travellers who wish to travel to the USA under the Visa Waiver Program must apply for authorisation and pay the fee using the following process:

Canada – Electronic Travel Authorisation

Australians travelling to Canada require pre-arrival clearance. The Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) is compulsory for travellers who do not require a visa to enter Canada and currently costs CAD$7 per person.
The eTA is valid for up to five years. Travellers apply online, providing basic personal information similar to what is currently collected when arriving in Canada.
The eTA is convenient and paperless, which means most visa-exempt nationals who wish to travel to Canada will have their eTA granted within minutes of applying. 
Having obtained an eTA, travellers to Canada can expect faster service upon arrival at the border.